PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang Permasalahan
Tumbuh kembang remaja pada zaman sekarang sudah tidak bisa lagi dibanggakan. Perilaku kenakalan remaja saat ini sulit diatasi. Baru-baru ini sering kita dengar berita ditelevisi maupun di radio yang disebabkan oleh kenakalan remaja diantaranya tawuran , pemerkosaan yang dilakukan oleh pelajar SMA , pemakain narkoba dan lain-lain.
Kehidupan remaja pada masa kini mulai memprihatinkan. Remaja yang seharusnya menjadi kader-kader penerus bangsa kini tidak bisa lagi menjadi jaminan untuk kemajuan Bangsa dan Negara. Bahkan perilaku mereka cenderung merosot. Oleh karena itu , kami sebagai remaja berpendidikan yang sadar bahwa kenakalan remaja harus segera dihilangkan , mengangkat permasalahan ini sebagai bahan karya tulis kami.
1.2 Rumusan Masalah
a. Apa pengertian remaja?
c. Apa jenis-jenis kenakalan remaja ?
d. Apa penyebab kenakalan remaja?
1.2 Tujuan Penulisan
Pada dasarnya tugas ini dibuat sebagai wujud dari pertanggung jawaban kami atas tugas yang diberikan oleh dosen sebagai syarat untuk memenuhi aspek penilaian mata kuliah Bahasa Indonasia.
BAB II
PEMBAHASAN DAN ISI
Masa kanak-kanak, remaja, dewasa, dan kemudian menjadi orangtua, tidak lebih hanyalah merupakan suatu proses wajar dalam hidup yang berkesinambungan dari tahap-tahap pertumbuhan yang harus dilalui oleh seorang manusia. Setiap masa pertumbuhan memiliki ciri-ciri tersendiri. Masing-masing mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan. Demikian pula dengan masa remaja. Masa remaja sering dianggap sebagai masa yang paling rawan dalam proses kehidupan ini. Masa remaja sering menimbulkan kekuatiran bagi para orangtua. Masa remaja sering menjadi pembahasan dalam banyak seminar. Padahal bagi si remaja sendiri, masa ini adalah masa yang paling menyenangkan dalam hidupnya. Oleh karena itu, para orangtua hendaknya berkenan menerima remaja sebagaimana adanya. Jangan terlalu membesar-besarkan perbedaan. Orangtua para remaja hendaknya justru menjadi pemberi teladan di depan, di tengah membangkitkan semangat, dan di belakang mengawasi segala tindak tanduk si remaja.
Remaja adalah masa peralihan dari kanak-kanak ke dewasa. Para ahli pendidikan sependapat bahwa remaja adalah mereka yang berusia antara 13 tahun sampai dengan 18 tahun. Seorang remaja sudah tidak lagi dapat dikatakan sebagai kanak-kanak, namun masih belum cukup matang untuk dapat dikatakan dewasa. Mereka sedang mencari pola hidup yang paling sesuai baginya dan inipun sering dilakukan melalui metoda coba-coba walaupun melalui banyak kesalahan. Kesalahan yang dilakukan sering menimbulkan kekuatiran serta perasaan yang tidak menyenangkan bagi lingkungan dan orangtuanya. Kesalahan yang diperbuat para remaja hanya akan menyenangkan teman sebayanya. Hal ini karena mereka semua memang sama-sama masih dalam masa mencari identitas. Kesalahan-kesalahan yang menimbulkan kekesalan lingkungan inilah yang sering disebut sebagai kenakalan remaja.
2.1. Pengertian Kenakalan Remaja
Kenakalan remaja meliputi semua perilaku yang menyimpang dari norma-norma hukum pidana yang dilakukan oleh remaja. Perilaku tersebut akan merugikan dirinya sendiri dan orang-orang di sekitarnya.
2.2. Jenis-jenis kenakalan remaja
1. Kenakalan remaja di sekolah.
2. Kenakalan remaja di luar sekolah(masyarakat).
3. Kenakalan remaja di lingkungan keluarga.
2.3. Penyebab terjadinya kenakalan remaja
Perilaku nakal remaja bisa di sebabkan oleh factor dari remaja itu sendiri (internal)maupun dari luar (eksternal)
• faktor internal :
1) krisis identitas
Perubahan biologis dan sosiologis pada diri remaja memungkinkan terjadinya dua bentuk intregasi. Pertama, terbentuknya persaan akan konsistensi dalam kehidupannya. Kedua, tercapainya identitas peran. Kenakalan remaja terjadi karena remaja gagal mencapai masa intregasi kedua.
2) Kontrol diri yang lemah
Remaja yang tidak bisa mempelajari dan membedakan tingkah laku yang dapat diterima dengan yang tidak dapat diterima akan terseret pada perilaku “nakal”.
• Factor eksternal :
1) Keluarga
Percerain orang tua , tidak adanya komunikasi antar anggota keluarga , atau perselisian antar anggota keluarga bisa memicu perilaku negatif pada remaja.pendidikan yang salah di keluarga juga bisa mempengaruhi seperti terlalu memanjakan anak , tidak memberikan pendidikan agama , atua penolakan terhadap eksistensi anak , bisa menjadi penyebab terjadinya kenakalan remaja.
2) Teman sebaya yang kurang baik.
3) Komunitas / lingkungan tempat tinggal yang kurang baik.
BAB III
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
3.1 Kesimpulan
1) Pada dasarnya kenakalan remaja meliputi semua perilaku yang menyimpang dari norma-norma hukum pidana yang dilakukan oleh remaja. Perilaku tersebut akan merugikan dirinya sendiri dan orang-orang disekitarnya.
2) Kenakalan remaja pada zaman sekarang ini disebabkan oleh beberapa factor. Perilaku nakal remaja disebabkan oleh factor remaja itu sendiri (internal) maupun factor dari luar (eksternal).
3) Remaja harus bisa mendapatkan sebanyak mungkin figur orang-orang dewasa yang telah melampaui masa remajanya dengan baik juga mereka yang berhasil memperbaiki diri setelah sebelumnya gagal pada tahap ini.
3.2 Saran
1) Perlu adanya tindakan-tindakan dari pemerintah untuk mengawasi tindakan remaja di Indonesia agar tidak terjerumus pada kenakalan remaja.
2) Perlunya penanaman nilai moral , pendidikan dan nilai religious pada diri seorang remaja.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Direktorat Kesehatan Jiwa Masyarakat (2001).
Hurlock, E.B (1998). Perkembangan Anak. Alih bahasa oleh Soedjarmo &
Istiwidayanti. Jakarta.
Kozier, B (1991). Fundamental of Nursing : Concept, Process, and Practice.
Fourth Edition. California : Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Mappiare, A. (1992). Psikologi Remaja. Surabaya: Usaha Nasional.
Azwar, S. 2002. Sikap Manusia, Teori Dan Pengukurannya. Yogyakarta. B v
BKKBN. 2001. Remaja Mengenai Dirinya. Jakarta. BKKBN
Dep. Kesehatan RI. 1997. AIDS di Tempat Kerja. Jakarta
UNESCO and UNAIDS. 2002. HIV/AIDS and Education: A Too/kit for
Semoga Bermanfaat .
makalahinyong.blogspot.com
History of the Indian Temple Building
Types of stone architecture. There are two types of stone architecture, Rock cut. Rock-cut architecture is made by carving into natural rock. Usually hewn into the sides of mountain ridges, rockcut structures are made by excavating rock until the desired forms are achieved.Stone built. The focus of this guidebook, stone-built architecture, on the other hand, involves assembling cut stone pieces to form a whole. Buddhism gets the ball rolling.
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The first stone architecture in India was rock cut and executed by Buddhist monks; prior to these structures, all architecture had been made of wood. The most impressive examples were rock-cut religious sanctuaries, excavated directly out of the basalt mountains lining the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, the elevated, v-shaped landmass that comprises most of the Indian peninsula. The caves at Ajanta - as well as those at nearby Bedsa, Bhaja, Karla, Kondane, Nashik, and Pitalkhora - were part of this initial wave of excavations.
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Inspiration for India's rock architecture Early Buddhist architecture was likely indirectly inspired by that of the Egyptians. The Egyptians were probably the first civilization in the world to construct stone architecture; they began with stone-built pyramids in the 27th century BCE (Djoser's Step Pyramid in Saqqara) and continued with rock-cut tombs in the 16th century BCE (Valley of the Kings in Luxor).
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At the same time, similar stone-built pyramids, called ziggurats, were being built not too far away in Mesopotamia (modern day Iran and Iraq); the earliest probably date from the late part of Sumeria's Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). The ziggurat pyramid design, however, was never transformed from stepped to smooth edged, as was the case in Egypt.
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- Egyptian and Mesopotamian forms and building practices were borrowed by the Persians, who embraced rock-cut architecture. In fact, the royal tombs of Darius (522 BCE to 486 BCE) and the rest of the Old Persian (Achaemenid) Empire were rock cut; they are located just outside of the ancient city of Persepolis in modern-day Iran. Most likely drawing on Persian precedent, India's earliest stone architects commenced building rock-cut architecture in the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE. These architects adapted Persian forms - infusing them with local design preferences derived from their existing wood-based architecture and introducing entirely new features to suit their unique religious practices - to create rock caves with an entirely new aesthetic.
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Why were the Buddhists the first to build in stone? It appears that the Buddhists just happened to have the support of rulers and rich merchants during the critical period in which Persian rock-cut architectural practices began to trickle into the subcontinent. Keep in mind, although the Buddhist faith was founded in India in the 6th century BCE, it did not gain widespread adoption until it received imperial sponsorship by the powerful Mauryan Emperor, Ashoka, who converted to Buddhism and ruled most of the Indian subcontinent from 269-232 BCE. The faith garnered subsequent momentum as a rising merchant class were attracted to Buddhism.
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