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Buku kilas kinerja Kemendikbud itu disusun oleh Pusat Analisis dan Sinkronisasi Kebijakan (Paska) Kemendikbud. Buku ini merangkum tiga strategi penataan pendidikan oleh Anies Baswedan dan jajarannya.
Ketiga strategi itu adalah penguatan pelaku, peningkatan mutu dan akses, serta pengembangan efektivitas birokrasi. Urusan revisi kurikulum mendapatkan posisi spesial karena ditempatkan di halaman paling awal.
Dikonfirmasi tentang perubahan nama dari K13 menjadi Kurikulum Nasional itu, Mendikbud Anies Baswedan tidak menampiknya. Namun dia memberikan catatan, selama masa revisi masih berjalan alias belum selesai, pemerintah tetap menggunakan sebutan Kurikulum 2013. "Lha wong masih dikoreksi (K13-nya, red)," katanya kemarin.
Anies menjelaskan ada beberapa pertimbangan bahwa Kemendikbud tetap menggunakan sebutan Kurikulum 2013. Diantaranya adalah supaya tidak memunculkan kesan bahwa pemerintah membuat kurikulum baru. Mantan rektor Universitas Paramadina Jakarta itu mengatakan, Kurikulum Nasional merupakan hasil dari revisi Kurikulum 2013.
Di dalam buku yang rencananya secara resmi dipapakarkan Anies Selasa pekan depan (29/12) itu, dibeber sejumlah alasan K13 perlu direvisi. Diantaranya adalah K13 langsung diterapkan tanpa pernah diuji. Akibatnya mendatangkan banyak masalah. Saking bermasalahnya K13 itu, banyak sekolah menolak menjalankannya.
Anies dengan tegas mengatakan penerapan kurikulum harus meminimalisir masalah. Untuk itu dalam revisi kali ini dibongkar mulai dari pendadaran ide kurikulum, lalu desain kurikulum, dan ujungnya dokumen serta implementasu kurikulum.
"Standar bekerja yang harus dimiliki adalah mendekati nol kesalahan dan mendekati sempurna," katanya. Bagi Anies kesalahan satu poin saja, bisa mempengaruhi kualitas pendidikan.
Terkait dengan strategi implementasi kurikulum itu, Anies mengatakan Kemendikbud sudah memiliki peta jalannya. Dimulai dari periode Januari-Desember 2015, ada 94 persen sekolah kembali menggunakan Kurikulum 2006 (KTSP) dan sisanya 6 persen sekolah tetap menggunakan K13. Lalu pada periode Juli 2016 - Juli 2017 skenarionya 75 persen sekolah pakai KTSP, 6 persen semua kelas pakai K13, dan 19 persen kelas 1, 4, 7, dan 10 menggunakan K13.
Kemudian pada Juli 2017 - Juli 2018 jumlah sekolah yang menggunakan KTSP susut jadi 40 persen. Sisanya sebanyak 60 persen beralih ke K13. Proses migrasi dari KTSP ke K13 atau Kurikulum Nasional ini diharapkan tuntas pada tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Masuk pada tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 sudah tidak ada sekolah yang memakai KTSP.
Pada kesempatan ini Anies juga mengkonfirmasi kabar salah tentang penerapan kurikulum. Beberapa waktu terakhir, muncul kabar menyesatkan bahwa pada tahun pelajaran 2016/2017, seluruh sekolah di Indonesia kembali menerapkan KTSP. "Saya prihatin atas informasi salah ini. Karena membuat gempar masyarakat," kata Anies.
Informasi salah itu sempat meluas di media sosial Facebook dan Twitter. Selain itu juga ramai jadi perbincangan orang di-blog. Anies mengatakan si penyebar informasi salah itu sudah mengakui kesalahannya dan meminta maaf kepada seluruh masyarakat Indonesia.
Sedangkan terkait dengan wujud revisi K13 sendiri, sampai kemarin Anies masih irit komentar. Termasuk juga tentang jam belajar versi K13 dan jumlah mata pelajaran yang terlalu banyak, dia belum bersedia memaparkannya.
"Teknis revisi kurikulumnya bisa dikonfirmasi langsung ke Puskurbuk (Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan, red)," kata dia.
Kepala Puskurbuk Tjipto Sumardi my ngakui memang banyak aspek yang direvisi atau dibenahi dari K13. Namun dia menegaskan bahwa pembenahan saat ini belum sampai pada kesimpulan mengepras jam belajar atau mengurangi jumlah mata pelajarannya. "Sekarang kita masih tahap revisi Kompetensi Inti (KI), Kompetensi Dasar (KD), dan silabus," kata dia.
Tjipto berpedoman bahwa deadline revisi K13 ini harus tuntas sebelum tahun ajaran 2016/2017 dimulai Juli tahun depan. Selain merevisi jeroan K13, Tjipto juga mengatakan mereka terus mempersiapkan bukunya. Dia mengatakan buku-buku baru hasil revisi K13 kemungkinan sudah beres pada akhir Januari tahun depan.
"Puskurbuk tidak menjalankan pelatihan guru, karena sudah dipegang direktorat lainnya," kata dia. (wan) (Sumber : jpnn.com).
History of the Indian Temple Building
Types of stone architecture. There are two types of stone architecture, Rock cut. Rock-cut architecture is made by carving into natural rock. Usually hewn into the sides of mountain ridges, rockcut structures are made by excavating rock until the desired forms are achieved.Stone built. The focus of this guidebook, stone-built architecture, on the other hand, involves assembling cut stone pieces to form a whole. Buddhism gets the ball rolling.
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The first stone architecture in India was rock cut and executed by Buddhist monks; prior to these structures, all architecture had been made of wood. The most impressive examples were rock-cut religious sanctuaries, excavated directly out of the basalt mountains lining the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, the elevated, v-shaped landmass that comprises most of the Indian peninsula. The caves at Ajanta - as well as those at nearby Bedsa, Bhaja, Karla, Kondane, Nashik, and Pitalkhora - were part of this initial wave of excavations.
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Inspiration for India's rock architecture Early Buddhist architecture was likely indirectly inspired by that of the Egyptians. The Egyptians were probably the first civilization in the world to construct stone architecture; they began with stone-built pyramids in the 27th century BCE (Djoser's Step Pyramid in Saqqara) and continued with rock-cut tombs in the 16th century BCE (Valley of the Kings in Luxor).
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At the same time, similar stone-built pyramids, called ziggurats, were being built not too far away in Mesopotamia (modern day Iran and Iraq); the earliest probably date from the late part of Sumeria's Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). The ziggurat pyramid design, however, was never transformed from stepped to smooth edged, as was the case in Egypt.
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- Egyptian and Mesopotamian forms and building practices were borrowed by the Persians, who embraced rock-cut architecture. In fact, the royal tombs of Darius (522 BCE to 486 BCE) and the rest of the Old Persian (Achaemenid) Empire were rock cut; they are located just outside of the ancient city of Persepolis in modern-day Iran. Most likely drawing on Persian precedent, India's earliest stone architects commenced building rock-cut architecture in the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE. These architects adapted Persian forms - infusing them with local design preferences derived from their existing wood-based architecture and introducing entirely new features to suit their unique religious practices - to create rock caves with an entirely new aesthetic.
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Why were the Buddhists the first to build in stone? It appears that the Buddhists just happened to have the support of rulers and rich merchants during the critical period in which Persian rock-cut architectural practices began to trickle into the subcontinent. Keep in mind, although the Buddhist faith was founded in India in the 6th century BCE, it did not gain widespread adoption until it received imperial sponsorship by the powerful Mauryan Emperor, Ashoka, who converted to Buddhism and ruled most of the Indian subcontinent from 269-232 BCE. The faith garnered subsequent momentum as a rising merchant class were attracted to Buddhism.
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