Guru merupakan faktor yang dominan di dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Guru sebagai subyek dalam pendidikan dan sebagai perencana serta pelaksana pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, guru merupakan penentu keberhasilan dan suksesnya proses pembelajaran.
Berdasarkan UU guru dan dosen, seluruh guru yang belum Sarjana (S1) harus segera menyelesaikan pendidikannya paling lambat bulan Desember tahun 2015, jika mereka tidak dapat menyelesaikan pendidikan S1 sebelum batas waktu yang sudah ditentukan, maka mereka dilarang mengajar. Keputusan ini bertujuan agar indeks kompetensi guru jelas. Dengan pernyataan tersebut sudah jelas bahwa di tahun 2016 nanti salah satu syarat menjadi guru adalah harus Sarjana (S1).
Sebanyak 3.294 guru di Ternate, Maluku Utara (Malut), terancam turun dari jabatan strukturalnya menyusul adanya Permendikbud tentang tugas fungsional guru maupun kebijakan Kemendikbud tentang tugas fungsional sebagai guru harus menyelesaikan program studi Strata 1 (S1).
“Dari kebijakan Kemendikbud tersebut, maka untuk kuota Ternate sebanyak 3,294 orang guru yang terancam akan turun menjadi jabatan struktural sebagai staf biasa tidak bisa menjalankan tugasnya sebagai seorang guru,” kata Kadiknas Ternate, Muhdar Din di Ternate, baru-baru ini.
“Dan dari jumlah guru tersebut masa pengabdiannya berakhir pada 31 Desember 2015 mendatang apabila belum juga menyelesaikan studi S1 maka guru yang bersangkutan diturunkan menjadi pegawai struktural sebagai staf biasa,” tambah Muhdar Din.
Namun, sesuai dengan data tahun 2014 yang dikantongi oleh Kepala Bidang Penjamin Mutuh pendidikan dan Tenaga Kependidikan (PMPTK) Dinas Pendidikan Nasional (Diknas) Kota Ternate Drs. Mahmud J. Abdurrahman MSi, khususnya untuk sekolah negeri mulai dari TK, SD,SMP, SMA,SMK untuk kualifikasi SPG sebanyak 147 orang.
Selanjutnya untuk dari jenjang sekolah tersebut untuk kulaifikasi D1 sebanyak 987 orang, ditambah dengan kualifikasi D2 sebanyak 237 orang dan kualifikasi D3 sebanyak 177 orang guru , jumlah kualifikasi guru tersebut dengan jumlah sekolah negeri sebanyak 123 sekolah di Kota Ternate, selain itu jumlah guru dipisahkan untuk guru honor berjumlah 478 orang, dan guru PNS berjumlah 2055 orang yang mengajar di sekolah negeri di Kota Ternate yang belum S1.
Menurutnya, dari jumlah untuk sekolah negeri dan jumlah guru tersebebut belum juga digabungkan dengan sekolah swasta juga demiukian mulai dari guru TK,SD,SMP, SMA dan SMK, dengan kualifikasi untuk guru yang mengajardi sekolah swasta di Kota Ternate maka kualifikasi SPG berjumlah 175 orang, D1 berjumlah 1017 orang, D2 berjumlah 317 orang, serta D3 berjumlah 187 orang guru.
Dengan jumlah total sekolah swasta di Kota Ternate yang gurunya belum S1 sebanyak 92 sekolah, kemudian jumlah tersebut dibagikan dengan guru honor berjumlah 279 orang, dan guru yang susah PNS berjumlah 482 orang,” katanya.
Oleh karena itu, bukan hanya di Kota Ternate namun di seluruh Indionesia masih cukup banyak guru yang belum menyelesaikan S1, apabila diuterapkan sesuai dengan Permendikbud dan undang-undang yang berlaku maka yang pestinya dapat merugikan guru. (Sumber : www.okezone.com).
History of the Indian Temple Building
Types of stone architecture. There are two types of stone architecture, Rock cut. Rock-cut architecture is made by carving into natural rock. Usually hewn into the sides of mountain ridges, rockcut structures are made by excavating rock until the desired forms are achieved.Stone built. The focus of this guidebook, stone-built architecture, on the other hand, involves assembling cut stone pieces to form a whole. Buddhism gets the ball rolling.
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The first stone architecture in India was rock cut and executed by Buddhist monks; prior to these structures, all architecture had been made of wood. The most impressive examples were rock-cut religious sanctuaries, excavated directly out of the basalt mountains lining the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, the elevated, v-shaped landmass that comprises most of the Indian peninsula. The caves at Ajanta - as well as those at nearby Bedsa, Bhaja, Karla, Kondane, Nashik, and Pitalkhora - were part of this initial wave of excavations.
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Inspiration for India's rock architecture Early Buddhist architecture was likely indirectly inspired by that of the Egyptians. The Egyptians were probably the first civilization in the world to construct stone architecture; they began with stone-built pyramids in the 27th century BCE (Djoser's Step Pyramid in Saqqara) and continued with rock-cut tombs in the 16th century BCE (Valley of the Kings in Luxor).
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At the same time, similar stone-built pyramids, called ziggurats, were being built not too far away in Mesopotamia (modern day Iran and Iraq); the earliest probably date from the late part of Sumeria's Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). The ziggurat pyramid design, however, was never transformed from stepped to smooth edged, as was the case in Egypt.
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- Egyptian and Mesopotamian forms and building practices were borrowed by the Persians, who embraced rock-cut architecture. In fact, the royal tombs of Darius (522 BCE to 486 BCE) and the rest of the Old Persian (Achaemenid) Empire were rock cut; they are located just outside of the ancient city of Persepolis in modern-day Iran. Most likely drawing on Persian precedent, India's earliest stone architects commenced building rock-cut architecture in the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE. These architects adapted Persian forms - infusing them with local design preferences derived from their existing wood-based architecture and introducing entirely new features to suit their unique religious practices - to create rock caves with an entirely new aesthetic.
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Why were the Buddhists the first to build in stone? It appears that the Buddhists just happened to have the support of rulers and rich merchants during the critical period in which Persian rock-cut architectural practices began to trickle into the subcontinent. Keep in mind, although the Buddhist faith was founded in India in the 6th century BCE, it did not gain widespread adoption until it received imperial sponsorship by the powerful Mauryan Emperor, Ashoka, who converted to Buddhism and ruled most of the Indian subcontinent from 269-232 BCE. The faith garnered subsequent momentum as a rising merchant class were attracted to Buddhism.
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