Ini Dia Alasannya Kurikulum Pendidikan Indonesia Terus Berubah dan Bikin Bingung! dari K13 Ke Nasional
Selamat sore rekan-rekan guru setanah air, pada sore hari ini jelajahberita.com akan memberikan informasi tentang K13 yang kabarnya akan segera berubah nama kembali, semoga saja dapat menjadi lebih baik lagi dari sebelumnya. aminn,yuk di simak berita selengkapnya bapak dan ibu guru..
Kurikulum pendidikan di Indonesia dihadapkan pada sejumlah ketidakpastian yang membingungkan. Bagaimana tidak? Belum lama ini para guru disibukkan dengan cara penilaian rapor Kurikulum 2013 {K-13} yang harus digubah kembali menjadi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan 2006 {KTSP} pada tengah tahun ajaran.
Sekolah tingkat SD, SMP, maupun SMA yang menurut Data pokok pendidikan {Dapodik} Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan {Kemendikbud} tidak diizinkan melanjutkan K-13, kelabakan mengonversi ke rapor KTSP yang kali ini bersifat online. Bahkan mata pelajaran yang tak ada di K-13 semester 1 tapi ada di KTSP semester 2 terpaksa diakali dengan matrikulasi. Caranya memberikan tugas lain atau ringkasan pada anak untuk di pelajari.
Tak hanya berhenti disini, kabarnya K-13 justru hendak disempurnakan dan berganti nama menjadi Kurikulum Nasional. Kurikulum ini rencanya akan dipakai pada tahun 2018 ketika semua sekolah di Indonesia serentak menggunakan kurikulum yang sama.
“Dinas Pendidikan {Dindik} membuat rumusan tersendiri untuk menerapkan formula terbaik. Kurikulum selama ini sudah bagus, tapi kurang pas. Memang diperlukan survei ke masing-masing Dindik untuk mencoba penilaian yang sesuai. Kami ingin kedepannya bukan lagi K-13 tapi disempurnakan jadi kurikulum nasional,” ungkap Dr Unifah Rosyidi Kepala Pusat Profesi Pendidik Kemendiknas saat ditemui Surya, Sabtu {4/4/14} dalam seminar Hari Pendidikan Nasional bertajuk Apapun Kurikulumnya, Guru Harus Cerdas yang diselenggarakan FKIP UMSurabaya bekerjasama dengan Dindik Jatim.
Ia menilai timing penerapan kurikulum terlalu cepat sehingga harus diperbaiki. Kini sebanyak 16.791 sekolah sudah menggunakan K-13 dan nantinya akan tuntas beralih menjadi kurikulum nasional saat penyetaraan pada 2018.
Padahal pada 2014 Kemendikbud sudah menunjuk 7.621 sekolah pilot projek, jumlah ini terus naik diikuti sekolah swasta yang mengajukan diri untuk menerapkan K-13 secara mandiri. Diperkirakan jumlah itu terus melejit.
Artinya makin banyak sekolah yang gonta-ganti kurikulum.
Martadi, Kepala Dewan Pendidikan Surabaya mengakui justru hal ini membingungkan banyak pihak. “Tak masalah kalau substansinya sama, hanya namanya saja yang berubah. Tapi kalau diubah konsepnya, bisa jadi membuat sekolah bingung karena nantinya bisa menjalankan tigakurikulum sekaligus. KTSP 2006, K-13, dan kurikulum Nasional, ” ujar Martadi.
Dikhawatirkan seperti kasus Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi {KBK} 2004 yang kemudian dua tahun berikutnya dirubah jadi KTSP 2006. Diakui Martadi memang saat itu ada penyederhanaan sehingga perlu penyempurnaan. Sekolah diberi kesempatan menyusun kurikulumsendiri merujuk pada aturan secara nasional. Tapi kali ini kalaukurikulum diganti total apakah sudah cukup penerapannya dalam setahun langusung dievaluasi. Padahal kurikulum dirancang utuh untuk diterapkan minimal 3 tahun pelaksanaan, supaya tahu betul hasilnya pada siswa.
“Lebih baik namanya jangan dirubah, supaya tak membingungkan. Tiap implementasi pasti ada masukan, itulah gunanya evaluasi. Supaya tak ada kesan tiap ganti menteri, ganti juga kurikulumnya. Jangan sampai anak dijadikan kelinci percobaan, ” paparnya.
Sementara Riyanto Kepala SD Kahdijah 2 Surabaya mengaku terpaksa ikut kebijakan pusat. “Bagaimana lagi, mau tidak mau harus tetap dijalankan, untuk itu memang guru yang harus pandai mengakali. Supaya tak terkesan ada ketimpangan dengan kurikulum sebelumnya. Kemarin baru konversi nilai rapor, kok sudah mau diubah lagikurikulumnya,” tukasnya.
Riyanto mengeluhkan konversi rapor saja sudah membingungkan. “Rumit saat evaluasi rapor. K-13 ada sekitar 400an poin penilaian, yang digolongkan jadi K1-4 {Aspek Spiritual, Sosial, Pengetahuan, dan Keterampilan}. Itu dirubah ke KTSP yang lebih sederhana cuma 50an poin penilaian, seperti mata pelajaran, muatan lokal, serta pengembangan diri. Kalau guru tidak dibantu dengan adanya rapor online jelas susah. Repot kalau berubah-ubah waktunya juga singkat, ” tambah Riyanto.
Ia berharap Kemendikbud punya solusi terbaik. Sebab sangat disayangkan bila hanya sekolah yang ditinjuk sebagai pilot projek saja yang boleh menerapkan K-13. Sementara sekolah lainnya harus kembali ke KTSP, kecuali sekolah yang mengajukan ulang kemudian disetujui. Sementara menurutnya pengajuan itu pun perlu waktu dan harus melalui proses, sehingga tidak gampang.
Biasanya sekolah yang sudah menerapkan K-13 selama 3 semester akan diperbolehkan melanjutkan, sedangkan yang baru satu semester harus kembali ke KTSP. Termasuk SD Khadijah 2.
Tanggapan lain datang dari orangtua murid. “Saya rasa tidak masalah ganti kurikulum, apalagi bila ada penyempurnaan. Justru itu bagus, tapi kalau memang tidak perlu kenapa harus dirubah? Lihat kondisi anak dulu, iya kalau mereka mampu. Sejauh ini saya lihat kebanyakan mereka masih belum siap sebab timingnya terlalu cepat. Semester lalu pakai kurikulum A lalu semester depan ganti B. Kasian mereka,” ungkap Rosa walimurid siswa di SMPN 2 Surabaya.
History of the Indian Temple Building
Types of stone architecture. There are two types of stone architecture, Rock cut. Rock-cut architecture is made by carving into natural rock. Usually hewn into the sides of mountain ridges, rockcut structures are made by excavating rock until the desired forms are achieved.Stone built. The focus of this guidebook, stone-built architecture, on the other hand, involves assembling cut stone pieces to form a whole. Buddhism gets the ball rolling.
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The first stone architecture in India was rock cut and executed by Buddhist monks; prior to these structures, all architecture had been made of wood. The most impressive examples were rock-cut religious sanctuaries, excavated directly out of the basalt mountains lining the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, the elevated, v-shaped landmass that comprises most of the Indian peninsula. The caves at Ajanta - as well as those at nearby Bedsa, Bhaja, Karla, Kondane, Nashik, and Pitalkhora - were part of this initial wave of excavations.
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Inspiration for India's rock architecture Early Buddhist architecture was likely indirectly inspired by that of the Egyptians. The Egyptians were probably the first civilization in the world to construct stone architecture; they began with stone-built pyramids in the 27th century BCE (Djoser's Step Pyramid in Saqqara) and continued with rock-cut tombs in the 16th century BCE (Valley of the Kings in Luxor).
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At the same time, similar stone-built pyramids, called ziggurats, were being built not too far away in Mesopotamia (modern day Iran and Iraq); the earliest probably date from the late part of Sumeria's Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). The ziggurat pyramid design, however, was never transformed from stepped to smooth edged, as was the case in Egypt.
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- Egyptian and Mesopotamian forms and building practices were borrowed by the Persians, who embraced rock-cut architecture. In fact, the royal tombs of Darius (522 BCE to 486 BCE) and the rest of the Old Persian (Achaemenid) Empire were rock cut; they are located just outside of the ancient city of Persepolis in modern-day Iran. Most likely drawing on Persian precedent, India's earliest stone architects commenced building rock-cut architecture in the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE. These architects adapted Persian forms - infusing them with local design preferences derived from their existing wood-based architecture and introducing entirely new features to suit their unique religious practices - to create rock caves with an entirely new aesthetic.
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Why were the Buddhists the first to build in stone? It appears that the Buddhists just happened to have the support of rulers and rich merchants during the critical period in which Persian rock-cut architectural practices began to trickle into the subcontinent. Keep in mind, although the Buddhist faith was founded in India in the 6th century BCE, it did not gain widespread adoption until it received imperial sponsorship by the powerful Mauryan Emperor, Ashoka, who converted to Buddhism and ruled most of the Indian subcontinent from 269-232 BCE. The faith garnered subsequent momentum as a rising merchant class were attracted to Buddhism.
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